Optical navigation refers to the use of optical sensors such as cameras and infrared sensors to determine the position and orientation of a mobile robot or device. This technology allows the robot to navigate and localize itself within an environment without relying on external infrastructure such as GPS or beacons. Optical navigation can be used in a variety of applications such as autonomous vehicles, drones, and robotic systems for tasks such as mapping, exploration, and surveillance. Researchers in this field focus on developing algorithms and techniques for image processing, object recognition, and sensor fusion to improve the accuracy and efficiency of optical navigation systems.